Table 2 Numbers and proportions of Neandertal, horse, reindeer and carnivore remains bearing anthropogenic modifications and toothmarks in the Goyet assemblage.

From: Neandertal cannibalism and Neandertal bones used as tools in Northern Europe

 

Nean dertal

Horse

Reindeer

Carnivore

NISP Observed

96

442

287

89

NISP Cutmarks

31 (32%)

85 (19%)

126 (44%)

3 (3%)

NISP Percussion Notches

20 (21%)

107 (24%)

151 (53%)

0

NISP Percussion Pits

10 (10%)

6 (1%)

1 (0.3%)

0

NISP Retoucher Traces

5 (5%)

22 (5%)

58 (20%)

0

NISP Toothmarks

1 (1%)

27 (6%)

4 (1%)

17 (19%)

  1. Carnivores include bear (Ursus spelaeus or Ursus arctos), fox (Vulpes vulpes or Vulpes lagopus), a large canid (Canis sp.), hyaena (Crocuta crocuta spelaea), and badger (Meles meles). The observed faunal specimens were identified among a sample of Dupont’s collection from FBL 2 and 3 (Supplementary Table S5). Note that the high percentage of retouchers made on reindeer bones is most likely related to the under-representation of fragments less than 55 mm long in our sample.
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