Figure 3

Relationships between (a) the soil CO2 efflux and microbial biomass carbon (MBC, R2 = 0.75), (b) the soil CO2 efflux and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN, R2 = 0.74), (c) the soil CO2 efflux and nitrate nitrogen concentrations (NH4+-N, R2 = 0.63), (d) the soil CO2 efflux and ammonium nitrogen concentrations (NO3−-N, R2 = 0.33) at the different quantities of N addition (CK refers the control treatment plots; TL refers the Low-N treatment plots; TM represents the Medium-N treatment plots; TH represents the High-N treatment plots) during the spring Freeze-thaw cycle periods. Pictures made by Lattice package (R 3.2.2 Version).