Figure 1

(a) Each trial of the n-back task consists of a fixation-cross and a capital letter. In the first block (condition 0-back), the letter “X” was the target. In the second block (condition 1-back), the target was the letter from the previous trial and in the third block (condition 2-back), the letter presented two trials ago served as target. Participants were instructed to respond with a button press of their right index finger for targets and with their left index finger for non-targets. There were 62 trials in each block (50% targets). (b) Performance (percentage of correct response) and (c) reaction times in the three conditions. Error bars indicate 95%-confidence intervals.