Table 2 Determinants of LVEF and LVEF <50% by univariate analysis in all patients.

From: Systolic time intervals derived from electrocardiographic gated intra-renal artery Doppler waveform associated with left ventricular systolic function

Variables

LVEF

LVEF <50%

Unstandardized

coefficient β (95% CI)

P value

Odds ratio (95% CI)

P value

Clinical characteristics

 Age (year)

0.001 (−0.001, 0.003)

0.059

0.982 (0.952, 1.013)

0.264

 Male gender

−0.060 (−0.093, −0.027)

<0.001

2.790 (1.093, 7.124)

0.032

 Diabetes mellitus

−0.087 (−0.121, −0.054)

<0.001

6.395 (2.759, 14.824)

<0.001

 Hypertension

−0.011 (−0.048, 0.026)

0.553

1.534 (0.596, 3.952)

0.375

 Stroke

0.020 (−0.031, 0.071)

0.445

0.233 (0.030, 1.787)

0.161

 Congestive heart failure

−0.226 (−0.259, −0.193)

<0.001

49.867 (17.665, 140.768)

<0.001

 Systolic blood pressure (per 1 mmHg)

−0.001 (−0.001, 0.001)

0.885

0.998 (0.978, 1.019)

0.862

 Diastolic blood pressure (per 1 mmHg)

−0.002 (−0.003, −0.001)

0.009

1.026 (0.994, 1.059)

0.110

 Heart rate (per 1 min−1)

−0.003 (−0.004, −0.002)

<0.001

1.059 (1.025, 1.094)

0.001

 Body mass index (per 1 kg/m2)

0.002 (−0.003, 0.006)

0.477

0.904 (0.811, 1.008)

0.069

 Triglyceride (per 1 mg/dL)

−0.001 (−0.002, −0.001)

<0.001

1.008 (1.003, 1.013)

0.002

 Total cholesterol (per 1 mg/dL)

<0.001 (−0.001, <0.001)

0.963

1.002 (0.992, 1.011)

0.732

 eGFR (per 1 mL/min/1.73 m2)

0.001 (<0.001, 0.002)

0.002

0.963 (0.944, 0.982)

<0.001

 Glucose (per 1 mg/dl)

−0.001 (−0.002, −0.001)

0.011

1.010 (1.002, 1.018)

0.014

 Hemoglobin (per 1 g/dL)

0.005 (−0.004, 0.014)

0.285

0.113 (0.683, 1.041)

0.113

 ACEI use

−0.005 (−0.048, 0.038)

0.812

1.153 (0.439, 3.024)

0.773

 ARB use

0.016 (−0.017, 0.049)

0.350

0.706 (0.320, 1.560)

0.390

 β-blocker use

−0.054 (−0.087, −0.022)

0.001

3.486 (1.520, 7.994)

0.003

 Calcium channel blocker use

0.040 (0.007, 0.072)

0.017

0.464 (0.203, 1.062)

0.069

 Diuretics use

−0.079 (−0.113, −0.046)

<0.001

6.236 (2.692, 14.447)

<0.001

Renal Doppler ultrasound

 Renal resistive index

−0.070 (−0.266, 0.126)

0.482

0.059 (0.832, 13914.355)

0.059

 rPEP (per 1 ms)

−0.002 (−0.002, −0.001)

<0.001

1.040 (1.021, 1.060)

<0.001

 rET (per 1 ms)

0.001 (0.001, 0.002)

<0.001

0.970 (0.958, 0.983)

<0.001

 rPEP/rET

−0.474 (−0.604, −0.345)

<0.001

3.203 (2.075, 4.942)

<0.001

Echocardiography

 PEP (per 1 ms)

−0.004 (−0.005, −0.003)

<0.001

1.100 (1.063, 1.138)

<0.001

 ET (per 1 ms)

0.001 (<0.001, 0.001)

<0.001

0.979 (0.968, 0.991)

0.001

 PEP/ET

−1.002 (−1.220, −0.783)

<0.001

4.866 (2.794, 8.472)

<0.001

  1. Abbreviations. ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker; CI, confidence interval; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; ET, ejection time; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PEP, pre-ejection period; rET, renal ejection time; rPEP, renal pre-ejection period. In logistic regression analysis, an increase of 1 unit of rPEP/rET and PEP/ET was equal to an increase of 1 standard deviation (0.11 and 0.07, respectively).
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