Figure 6: Toxicities of four isolated pure compounds from Salvinia molesta and surfactant (Dyne-Amic) on the upper and lower surfaces of S. molesta, respectively (application of 8 μL of testing agents dissolved in nanopure water at 1% concentration or surfactant at 0.5% concentration on the leaf surface of intact plants).
From: Endocidal Regulation of Secondary Metabolites in the Producing Organisms
(a,b) Application of (+)-3-hydroxy-β-ionone on the lower leaf surface killed the tissues ((a) lower surface; (b) upper surface). (c,d) Application of (3R, 6R, 7E)-3-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-9-one on the lower leaf surface caused less damage on the tissues ((c) lower surface; (d) upper surface). (e,f) Application of annuionone D on the lower leaf surface had no observable damage on tissues ((e) lower surface; (f) upper surface). (g,h) Application of dehydrovomifoliol on the lower surfaces did not cause any observable leaf damages ((g) lower surface; (h) upper surface). (i–l) Application of Dyne-Amic: Dyne-Amic did not cause any damage when applied on lower surface (i) lower surface and (j) upper surface, but can destroy the tissue when applied on upper leaf surface (k,l).
