Figure 3

Effect of antimalarial drugs on rosetting.
Rosetting trophozoites of (A) FCR3S1.2R, (B) PAvarO and (C) R29 were treated with various concentrations (between 0.01–10,000 μM) of atovaquone (AQ), artesunate (AS), chloroquine (CQ) or quinine (QN) for 12 h before being stained and analyzed by flow cytometry. Malaria culture media (MCM) and Heparin (10 mg/mL) controls from the start and at the end of the experiment were analyzed for comparison (*P < 0.05, ****P < 0.0001, N ≥ 3).