Figure 4

Effect of various rosette disruption methods on percentage of multiplets.
Rosetting FCR3S1.2R parasites cultured in O+ or A+ erythrocytes were subject to various rosette disruption methods and analysed by flow cytometry. Cells were (A) treated with heparin (N = 7), (B) co-incubated with anti-PfEMP1 IgG (N = 3) or (C) non-immune IgG (N = 3) or (D) mechanically disrupted by passage through 23G needle (N = 5).