Figure 8: GSK-3β-mediated IL-10 expression via the activation of PI3K-AKT contributes to inhibitory effect of MS.

(A,B) Peritoneal macrophages were treated with 100 ng/ml LPS alone or in combination with MS (10 μl/ml). The levels of phosphorylation of GSK-3β (A) at Ser9 and AKT (B), upper figure) at the indicated time points were examined by western blotting. For PI3K inhibition (B) lower figure, (C,E), PMs were pre-treated with 1 μM wortmannin for 15 min, followed by MS (10 μl/ml) for another 15 min and then stimulated with LPS (100 ng/ml). The supernatants were collected 6 h after LPS stimulation to analyse the level of IL-10 (C), TNF-α and IL-6 (D) by ELISA. (E) The protein levels of the indicated molecules at the indicated time points were examined by western blotting. The results in (A,B,E) were quantified by determining the band intensity and calculated as the ratio of phosphorylated signalling molecules to total corresponding molecules. The data are representative of at least 2 independent experiments.