Figure 5: Effect of rAe1a on NaV channel currents in P. americana DUM neurons.

(A) Representative traces showing the effect of 1 μM rAe1a on INa mediated by PaNaV1 in P. americana DUM neurons. Currents were evoked by depolarizations to −10 mV, from a holding potential of −90 mV (panel B), with black and red traces corresponding to the current before, and 5 min after, toxin application, respectively. (C) Time course of rAe1a actions on PaNaV1. Peak INa were recorded at a rate of 0.1 Hz before (black circles), and for 5 min during, application of 1 μM rAe1a (red circles) and normalized against maximal peak INa (−1/Imax; n = 3). (D) GNa-V relationships in P. americana DUM neurons. A voltage protocol with depolarisation steps from −90 mV to +40 mV in 10 mV increments (lower panel B) was used to generate families of INa. The normalized conductance-voltage (GNa-V) relationship (G/Gmax) is shown before (black circles) and after (red circles) a 5 min perfusion with 1 μM rAe1a (n = 4). Conductance was normalized relative to the peak current before toxin addition.