Figure 6: Macrophage depletion in mice infected with S. japonicum impaired IL-33-induced type 2 immunity and hepatic egg granuloma formation.

(a) Histopathology of S. japonicum-infected mice treated with PBS or clodronate. Liver sections stained with H&E show a granuloma surrounding parasite eggs (Original magnification, X10). (b) Average granuloma sizes in infected mice treated with PBS or clodronate (***p < 0.001). (c) IL-33-induced upregulation of IL-13 was attenuated in spleen in mice treated with PBS or clodronate. (n = 5 per group, ***p < 0.001). (d) CD4+ST2L+ cells in liver and spleen from infected mice treated with PBS or clodronate (n = 3–4 mice per group; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01).