Table 3 Energy-, carbohydrate and lipid metabolic biomarkers of male subjects of the BiliHealth study.

From: Features of an altered AMPK metabolic pathway in Gilbert’s Syndrome, and its role in metabolic health

MALES

Variable

Mean° (±sd)/median^ (IQR)

p-value */T

GS

C

Biomarkers of energy metabolism

pAMPK α1/α2 [rfU]^

201 (91) n = 39

107 (39) n = 37

0.000*

pPpar α [rfU]°

385 (±84) n = 38

296 (±90) n = 39

0.000*

pPpar γ [rfU]^

1384 (365) n = 39

1049 (438) n = 39

0.003*

PgC 1α [rfU]^

205 (53) n = 39

158 (56) n = 39

0.000*

AMPK α1 expr. [RQ]^

0.76 (0.24) n = 40

0.78 (0.25) n = 40

0.729

Sirt-1 [ng/mL]^

3.26 (1.66) n = 31

3.24 (1.77) n = 34

0.887

FGF-21 [μg/mL]^

0.33 (0.38) n = 34

0.13 (0.41) n = 34

0.147

TSH [μU/mL]°

1.8 (±0.8) n = 38

1.9 (±0.9) n = 39

0.372

T3 [pg/mL]°

3.37 (±0.32) n = 39

3.31 (±0.39) n = 39

0.476

T4 [ng/dL]^

1.30 (0.20) n = 39

1.27 (0.20) n = 39

0.163

BMI [kg/m2]^

22.5 (3.6) n = 40

24.9 (5.9) n = 40

0.023*

LBM [%]^

79.4 (7.0) n = 40

80.9 (9.0) n = 38

0.838

Biomarkers of carbohydrate metabolism

Glucose [mg/dL]°

81 (7) n = 39

86 (11) n = 40

0.016*

HbA1c [%]^

5.0 (0.4) n = 40

5.1 (0.5) n = 40

0.150

C-Peptide [ng/mL]^

1.2 (0.7) n = 39

1.3 (1.1) n = 39

0.009*

Insulin [μU/mL]^

3.9 (2.4) n = 36

6.1 (5.8) n = 39

0.001*

Biomarkers of lipid metabolism

TChol [mg/dL]^

165 (49) n = 39

180 (71) n = 40

0.344

HDL Chol [mg/dL]°

58 (±15) n = 39

57 (±14) n = 40

0.761

LDL Chol [mg/dL]^

94 (36) n = 39

109 (70) n = 40

0.410

LDL/HDL ratio^

1.6 (1.0) n = 39

1.8 (1.3) n = 40

0.315

TG [mg/dL]^

73 (31) n = 38

95 (56) n = 40

0.023*

LPA2 [mg/dL]^

22 (27) n = 37

14 (21) n = 37

0.048*

ApoA1 [mg/dL]°

140 (±24) n = 40

141 (±24) n = 40

0.882

ApoB [mg/dL]^

84 (33) n = 40

82 (57) n = 40

0.939

Apo B/A1 ratio^

0.6 (0.2) n = 39

0.6 (0.3) n = 40

0.521

  1. (Table 3 summarises and compares (GS versus C) biomarkers of energy-, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of male subjects of the BiliHealth study.
  2. Values are specified as applies according to distribution of data. For parametric variables, means° (±sd) are shown, for non-parametric data, medians^ (50th percentiles) and inter-quartile range (IQR) are displayed. Comparison of means (for parametric data) or of ranks (for non-parametric data) was completed using independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney-U-test (*p-value: significant on a 5% level of significance; Tp-value: trend on a 10% level of trend).
  3. Abbreviations: GS: Gilbert’s syndrome; C: Controls; pAMPK α1/α2: Phosphorylated 5′-AMP activated kinase; pPpar α: Phosphorylated peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha; pPpar γ: Phosphorylated peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma; PgC 1α: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor c coactivator 1; AMPK α1 expr.: AMPK gene expression as relative quantification, RQ to cDNA pool; Sirt-1: Sirtuin-1; FGF-21: Fibroblast growth factor 21; TSH: Thyroid stimulating hormone; T3: Free triiodothyronine; T4: Free thyroxine; BMI: Body mass index; LBM: Lean body mass; HbA1c: Glycated haemoglobin A1c; TChol: Total cholesterol; HDL: High density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; LPA2: Lipoprotein A2; ApoA1: Apolipoprotein A1; ApoB: Apolipoprotein B.