Table 1 Basic demographic information for the sample (N = 18686).

From: The prevalences of and association between nonmedical prescription opioid use and poor sleep among Chinese high school students

Variable	Total (N = 18686)		With poor sleep (n = 3361)		With past-month NMPOU (n = 519)		p value ^*
Variable	n	%	n	%	n	%	p value ^*
Gender							0.03
Girls	9803	52.5	1943	57.8	248	47.8
Boys	8883	47.5	1418	42.2	271	52.2
Age (years)							<0.001
11–13	3371	18.0	339	10.1	126	24.3
14–16	9196	49.2	1676	49.9	255	49.1
17–20	6119	32.8	1346	40.0	138	26.6
Grade							<0.001
7th-9th	7771	41.6	992	29.5	270	52.0
10th-12th	10915	58.4	2369	70.5	249	48.0
Living arrangement							0.22
Two biological parents	10256	54.9	1743	51.9	266	51.3
Only father or mother	3101	16.6	574	17.1	96	18.5
Others	5329	28.5	1044	31.0	157	30.2
Family economic status							0.05
Above average	1970	10.5	268	8.0	66	12.7
Average	10760	57.6	1786	53.1	273	52.6
Below average	5956	31.9	1307	38.9	180	34.7
Brothers and sisters							0.81
None	6790	36.3	1173	34.9	186	35.8
≥1	11896	63.7	2188	65.1	333	64.2
Academic pressure							0.98
Above average	2536	13.6	323	9.6	70	13.5
Average	8209	43.9	1014	30.2	230	44.3
Below average	7941	42.5	2024	60.2	219	42.2
Academic achievement							<0.001
Above average	5805	31.1	852	25.4	117	22.6
Average	6863	36.7	1218	36.2	174	33.5
Below average	6018	32.2	1291	38.4	228	43.9
Smoking habits							<0.001
No	17053	91.3	2901	86.3	426	82.1
Yes	1633	8.7	460	13.7	93	17.9
Drinking habits							<0.001
No	14341	76.7	2236	66.5	337	64.9
Yes	4345	23.3	1125	33.5	182	35.1
Exercise							0.22
0 days	4283	22.9	1129	33.6	121	23.3
1–2 days	8029	43.0	1303	38.8	230	44.3
3–4 days	3475	18.6	485	14.4	79	15.2
5–7 days	2899	15.5	444	13.2	89	17.2
Depressive symptoms							<0.001
No	16994	90.9	2404	71.5	433	83.4
Yes	1692	9.1	957	28.5	86	16.6
Loneliness							<0.001
Less than 1 day/week	9716	52.0	1025	30.5	209	40.3
1 to 4 days/week	6917	37.0	1564	46.5	233	44.9
More than 4 days/week	2053	11.0	772	23.0	77	14.8
Suicide ideation							<0.001
Never	14669	78.5	2026	60.3	338	65.1
Occasionally (1–2 times/year)	3062	16.4	895	26.6	115	22.2
Sometimes (3–6 times/year)	539	2.9	215	6.4	27	5.2
Often (>6 times/year)	416	2.2	225	6.7	39	7.5

NMPOU, nonmedical prescription opioid use.
^*Chi-square tests were used to test the association between the above-mentioned categories and NMPOU status.

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Table 1 Basic demographic information for the sample (N = 18686).

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