Figure 4

Indices in core TC-11–1, including bulk density (orange), humification (blue) and magnetic susceptibility (purple).

Also shown are the solar insolation at 60° N latitude (sky blue)²⁷, the GISP2 CH₄ concentration (black)¹, the Sanbao cave δ¹⁸O (pink)²⁴ and the Greenland ice core δ¹⁸O (GICC05; green)²⁸. Pink triangles and blue filled circles show the date-controlling points of the Tengchong profile (similar to Fig. 3). The cross symbol (red) and filled triangle (yellow) show the volcanic eruption age and the transition age from MIS-4 to MIS-3 (inferred from ref. 24), respectively. The horizontal filled columns show the lithology of core TC-11–1. The vertical dashed lines broadly show the boundaries of Holocene/MIS-2, MIS-2/MIS-3 and MIS-3/MIS-4.