Table 1 Relationship between cut-off angles and Position offsets by making difference between multi-GNSS PPP (IC-PPP and LC-PPP) and INS tightly aided PPP.

From: Real-time Kinematic Positioning of INS Tightly Aided Multi-GNSS Ionospheric Constrained PPP

Cut-off angles

Multi-GNSS IC-PPP (/INS) mode

Multi-GNSS LC-PPP (/INS) mode

North (cm)

East (cm)

Up (cm)

North (cm)

East (cm)

Up (cm)

10°

0.8

3.3

8.6

3.0

5.8

10.0

15°

0.8

2.7

11.4

1.0

2.4

11.5

20°

0.9

3.8

14.6

1.1

2.2

14.8

25°

1.2

4.5

18.1

1.5

5.1

18.3

30°

1.0

3.5

34.3

1.2

3.6

34.3

35°

0.8

4.2

27.5

1.1

2.8

27.8

Average

0.9

3.7

19.1

1.5

3.6

19.4