Figure 3
From: Form and function of the human and chimpanzee forefoot: implications for early hominin bipedalism
Average peak metatarsophalangeal joint dorsiflexion angles during push off in humans and chimpanzees.
Plus/minus one standard deviation is indicated by error bars. *Human angles are significantly different from both bipedal and quadrupedal chimpanzee angles (Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.001). +Chimpanzee bipedal and quadrupedal angles are significantly different from one another (Mann-Whitney U test, P = 0.001).
