Figure 1: DHED treatment produces E2 in the hypothalamus.

(a) After DHED treatment of OVX Sprague-Dawley rats (200 μg/kg, p.o.), E2 concentration increases in the hypothalamus but not in the serum, as measured by LC-MS/MS assay (n = 3–4 rats/time point). Data represent mean ± SEM. (b) Administration of a deuterium-labeled (d3-) DHED, produces d3-E2 (middle trace) in the hypothalamus without influencing endogenous E2 level (top trace). The chart shows LC-MS/MS analyses from tissue harvested 1 h after d3-DHED (200 μg/kg, p.o.), using [13C6]E2 added to the tissue homogenate as an analytical reference.