Table 4 Correlation between the degree of sympatry and speciation and extinction rates.

Clade	Correlation with speciation (γ_λ)			Correlation with extinction (γ_μ)
Clade	mean	95% CI		mean	95% CI
Athyridida	−0.96	−2.05	−0.08	3.32	2.48	4.24
Auloporida	7.84	2.49	13.90	1.01	−4.98	6.98
Bellerophontidae	−3.15	−4.56	−1.50	−3.54	−5.13	−2.08
Cystiphyllida	−2.35	−5.70	1.32	7.44	4.55	10.14
Cystoporida	−5.79	−8.10	−3.77	1.62	0.12	2.97
Desmoceratidae	−6.15	−10.24	−1.97	2.47	−2.09	6.63
Euomphalidae	−3.64	−6.06	−1.08	−0.05	−2.80	3.07
Favositida	−1.61	−2.39	−0.66	3.75	2.55	4.83
Fenestrida	−3.29	−4.25	−2.15	3.25	2.01	4.35
Lophospiridae	5.06	2.83	7.99	−4.11	−7.46	−0.04
Orthida	−0.61	−0.91	−0.27	1.60	1.23	1.96
Orthotetida	−2.67	−3.85	−1.52	2.74	1.95	3.44
Productida	−0.80	−0.96	−0.65	0.82	0.64	0.99
Proetidae	−29.67	−35.09	−22.79	−14.17	−22.02	−7.70
Pterineidae	−17.30	−38.02	0.95	−16.96	−37.90	3.15
Rhabdomesida	1.54	0.82	2.22	0.40	−0.42	1.07
Spiriferida	−1.59	−2.34	−1.01	3.46	2.51	4.30
Spiriferinida	−0.35	−1.22	0.57	1.96	1.10	2.86
Stauriida	0.64	0.41	0.85	0.68	0.45	0.91
Strophomenida	−0.43	−1.85	0.89	0.88	−0.47	2.18
Trepostomida	−0.89	−1.22	−0.62	1.93	1.47	2.34

Posterior sampled of the correlations parameters are summarized as mean values and 95% credible intervals (CI). The correlation parameters γ_λ and γ_μ quantify the correlation between temporal changes in the birth-death rates and changes in the degree of sympatry. For instance, the speciation rate at time t is λ_t = λ₀ exp(γ_λ s_t), where λ₀ is the estimated baseline speciation rate and s_t is the degree of sympatry at time t (ref. 11). Values in bold indicate significant negative correlation with speciation and significant positive correlation with extinction rates.

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