Figure 1 | Scientific Reports

Figure 1

From: Dimethyl fumarate blocks pro-inflammatory cytokine production via inhibition of TLR induced M1 and K63 ubiquitin chain formation

Figure 1

Inhibition of LPS stimulated cytokine induction by DMF.

(A) BMDMs were incubated with 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100 μM DMF for 4 h. Cells were then stimulated with 100 ng/ml LPS for 8 h and the levels of TNF, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13 and GM-CSF determined. (B) BMDMs were incubated with 50 μM DMF for the indicated times and cell viability was determined by staining with Zombie-Aqua. Results show average and standard deviation of 4 independent treatments. (C) BMDMs were incubated in 50 μM DMF where indicated. Cells were then stimulated with 100 ng/ml LPS for 5 h. Cells were then stained for intracellular TNF levels and viability (Zombie-Aqua) as described in the methods. Representative stimulations are shown in the FACS plots while the graphs show average and standard deviation from 3 independent stimulations. In (A,C) a p value (Students t-test) of less than 0.001 relative to the LPS alone condition is indicated by ***.

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