Figure 5
DMF inhibits multiple signals downstream of TLR4.
(A) TLR4 activates both NFκB and MAPK pathways via Tak1 and IKK in order to drive cytokine production. (B) BMDMs were treated with the indicated concentrations of DMF for 4 h. Cells were then stimulated with 100 ng/ml LPS for 30 min. Following cell lysis the levels of the indicated total and phospho proteins were determined by immunoblotting. (C) BMDMs were cultured in the presence or absence of 50 μM DMF for 4 h. Cells were then further stimulated for the indicated times with either 100 ng/ml LPS, 1 μg/ml Pam3CSK4 or 10 μg/ml poly(I:C). The levels of the indicated total and phospho proteins were determined by immunoblotting.
