Figure 3: Response of yeast cells with different accumulation of arginine to ethanol stress.

(a) Growth of yeast cells on YPD solid media under various stressed conditions by spot dilution assay. (b) Comparison of cell growth in SD medium containing the required amino acid and uracil with or without ethanol by liquid growth assay. Lag time, growth rate and growth efficiency were used to characterize cell growth. (c) Survival assay of different yeast strains under 15% ethanol stress. Data are means ± SD (n = 3). Letters indicate significant differences among different treatments (p < 0.05, Duncan’s multiple-range test).