Figure 1

SEM images (a,b) and XRD patterns (c) of the electrochemically etched and boiling-water immersed (EEBWI) Al surfaces. Spreading processes of water on the EEBWI Al surfaces (d). The change of water contact angles on the superhydrophilic surfaces obtained by different processing methods (e). The long-time stability of the EEBWI superhydrophilic Al surfaces is more than 1 year (f). The insert in (f) shows the underwater super-repellent state of non-polar organic liquids on the EEBWI Al surfaces.