Figure 5 | Scientific Reports

Figure 5

From: Molecular and ionic-scale chemical mechanisms behind the role of nitrocyl group in the electrochemical removal of heavy metals from sludge

Figure 5

Impact of acidic conditions on (a) Zn and (b) Cu removal during EK (in terms of removal efficiency). A: Without EK treatment (raw secondary sludge). B: With EK treatment. C: With EK treatment and addition of HNO3 at pH 3. D: With EK treatment and addition of HNO3 at pH 4. E: With EK treatment and addition of HNO3 at pH 6–7. F: With EK treatment and addition of aqua regia at pH 3. G: With EK treatment and addition of EDTA + H2SO4 at pH 3. H: With EK treatment and addition of aqua regia + H2SO4 at pH 3.

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