Table 2 Phenotypic analysis of F1 offspring of F0 mothers and fathers that were fed a high fat (HFD) or control diet for 14 weeks.
From: High-fat diet disrupts metabolism in two generations of rats in a parent-of-origin specific manner
Sex | Male | Female | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Group | Control | Maternal HFD | Paternal HFD | Control | Maternal HFD | Paternal HFD | p |
N (litters) unless stated below | 19–32 (9) | 13–19 (5) | 10–17 (5) | 10–17 (9) | 14–20 (5) | 13–21 (5) | |
Mean ± SEM | Mean ± SEM | Mean ± SEM | Mean ± SEM | Mean ± SEM | Mean ± SEM | ||
Body size | |||||||
Weight (g) | 434 ± 4 | 478 ± 10 | 431 ± 8 | 260 ± 5 | 278 ± 4 | 270 ± 4 | 0.003 |
Length (cm) | 23.8 ± 0.2 | 24.1 ± 0.3 | 23.5 ± 0.3 | 21.2 ± 0.2 | 21.1 ± 0.2 | 21.2 ± 0.2 | 0.114 |
AGD (mm) | 47.8 ± 0.5 | 45.9 ± 2.2 | 44.8 ± 0.8 | 21.3 ± 0.3 | 19.3 ± 0.8 | 18.58 ± 0.8 | 0.945 |
Adiposity | |||||||
Gonadal fat/bw (mg/g) | 7.7 ± 0.3 | 7.6 ± 0.3 | 6.7 ± 0.4 | 6.3 ± 0.3 | 7.2 ± 0.7 | 6.2 ± 0.5 | 0.062 |
Retroperitoneal fat/bw (mg/g) | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 5.0 ± 0.4 | 4.5 ± 0.4 | 5.1 ± 0.3 | 4.9 ± 0.6 | 3.7 ± 0.3 | 0.177 |
Adiposity index (mg/g) | 12.9 ± 0.6 | 12.6 ± 0.7 | 11.2 ± 0.7 | 11.4 ± 0.5 | 12.1 ± 1.2 | 10.0 ± 0.6 | 0.062 |
Biochemistry | |||||||
Leptin (ng/ml)(n = 5) | 1.30 ± 0.29 | 1.72 ± 0.53 | 0.94 ± 0.12 | 0.346^ | |||
Insulin AUC (μg/l.min) (n = 5) | 108.6 ± 21.6 | 76.65 ± 11.1 | 77.9 ± 14.7 | 51.39 ± 10.4 | 65.7 ± 13.3 | 47.05 ± 9.8 | 0.249 |
Glucose AUC (mM.min) (n = 5) | 984 ± 32.4 | 931.2 ± 36.5 | 951 ± 39.3 | 931.2 ± 36.5 | 938.4 ± 24.0 | 904 ± 73.3 | 0.846 |
Reproduction | |||||||
Penis length (mm) | 12.1 ± 0.08 | 11.8 ± 0.18* | 11.7 ± 0.16* | 0.023^ | |||
Gonad weight (g) | 1.90 ± 0.02 | 2.00 ± 0.07 | 1.90 ± 0.07 | 0.08 ± 0.00 | 0.08 ± 0.00 | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 0.148 |
Testosterone (ng/ml) (n = 5) | 4.22 ± 0.64 | 7.38 ± 0.90 | 2.73 ± 0.51 | 0.002^ | |||
LH (ng/ml) (n = 5) | 0.38 ± 0.06 | 0.34 ± 0.04 | 0.26 ± 0.04 | 0.255^ | |||
LH:T ratio (n = 5) | 0.10 ± 0.03 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.11 ± 0.03 | 0.234^ | |||
