Figure 2: Illustration of the proposed data model and behavior of the geometric model.
From: Accurate Morphology Preserving Segmentation of Overlapping Cells based on Active Contours

(a) Noisy synthetic image. (b) Phase field representation of the cell configuration in image (a), showing the two layers, and the combined ϕ+ function that “counts” cells. (c) Size selectivity of the “gas of circles” model: using proper settings of the prior and data parameters, it is possible to achieve size-selective segmentation. No initial object seeds were used.