Table 1 Baseline characteristics of subjects according to psychological item responses.

From: The influence of personality and perceived stress on the development of breast cancer: 20-year follow-up of 29,098 Japanese women

Item

Having ‘ikigai'

Decisiveness

Ease of anger

Perceived stress

Response

Agree strongly

Agree

Neither

Disagree

Agree

Neither

Disagree

Agree

Neither

Disagree

Agree strongly

Agree

Neither

Disagree

Agea

57.2

56.7

57.9

58.5

56.1

57.6

59.5

55.3

57.4

59.9

54.2

54.8

58.1

59.3

(56.9–57.6)

(56.5–56.9)

(57.8–58.1)

(58.0–59.0)

(55.9–56.3)

(57.5–57.8)

(59.1–59.9)

(55.0–55.7)

(57.3–57.6)

(59.5–60.2)

(53.8–54.5)

(54.5–55.2)

(57.9–58.2)

(59.0–59.6)

Education > high schoolb

16.9%

13.4%

9.3%

8.4%

15.3%

10.4%

8.8%

12.5%

11.1%

11.5%

13.3%

15.6%

10.2%

11.7%

(15.5–18.4)

(12.7–14.1)

(8.8–9.8)

(7.2–9.7)

(14.5–16.3)

(9.9–10.8)

(7.8–9.9)

(11.4–13.6)

(10.7–11.5)

(10.5–12.6)

(12.0–14.6)

(14.3–16.9)

(9.7–19.6)

(10.8–12.7)

Family historyc

2.0%

1.7%

1.5%

1.0%

1.8%

1.6%

1.3%

1.7%

1.6%

1.5%

1.7%

2.2%

1.4%

1.8%

(1.5–2.6)

(1.4–2.0)

(1.3–1.8)

(0.6–1.6)

(1.5–2.1)

(1.4–1.8)

(0.9–1.8)

(1.4–2.2)

(1.4–1.8)

(1.1–1.9)

(1.3–2.2)

(1.7–2.7)

(1.3–1.6)

(1.4–2.2)

Age at menarchea

14.8

14.7

14.8

15.0

14.7

14.8

14.9

14.7

14.8

14.9

14.6

14.5

14.9

14.8

(14.7–14.9)

(14.7–14.8)

(14.8–14.8)

(14.9–15.1)

(14.7–14.8)

(14.8–14.8)

(14.9–15.0)

(14.6–14.8)

(14.7–14.8)

(14.9–15.0)

(14.5–14.7)

(14.4–14.6)

(14.8–14.9)

(14.8–14.9)

Menopause

69.9%

67.7%

69.8%

64.0%

65.5%

69.3%

72.0%

62.4%

68.9%

73.5%

59.5%

62.0%

70.1%

73.4%

(68.2–71.6)

(66.7–68.6)

(69.0–70.5)

(62.0–66.1)

(64.4–66.6)

(68.6–69.9)

(70.4–73.5)

(60.9–64.0)

(68.3–69.5)

(72.1–74.8)

(57.7–61.3)

(60.3–63.7)

(69.5–70.8)

(72.1–74.6)

Age at menopausea

48.7

48.8

48.7

48.2

48.6

48.8

48.6

48.4

48.7

48.8

48.4

48.5

48.7

48.9

(48.5–49.0)

(48.7–48.9)

(48.6–48.8)

(48.0–48.5)

(48.4–48.7)

(48.7–48.8)

(48.4–48.8)

(48.2–48.6)

(48.7–48.8)

(48.6–49.0)

(48.1–48.6)

(48.2–48.7)

(48.6–48.8)

(48.7–49.0)

Age at first birtha

25.0

25.0

25.1

25.1

25.0

25.0

25.2

25.1

25.0

25.1

25.2

25.1

25.0

25.0

(24.9–25.1)

(24.9–25.0)

(25.0–25.2)

(24.9–25.2)

(24.9–25.0)

(25.0–25.1)

(25.1–25.3)

(25.0–25.2)

(25.0–25.1)

(25.0–25.2)

(25.1–25.4)

(24.9–25.2)

(25.0–25.1)

(24.9–25.1)

Partity

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.5

2.6

2.8

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.6

(2.6–2.7)

(2.6–2.6)

(2.6–2.6)

(2.6–2.7)

(2.5–2.5)

(2.6–2.6)

(2.7–2.8)

(2.4–2.5)

(2.6–2.6)

(2.7–2.7)

(2.4–2.5)

(2.5–2.5)

(2.6–2.7)

(2.6–2.7)

female hormone used

7.2%

7.2%

9.5%

10.4%

7.3%

8.8%

9.8%

8.1%

8.6%

8.6%

9.4%

6.8%

9.1%

7.1%

(6.3–8.3)

(6.7–7.7)

(9.0–10.0)

(9.1–11.7)

(6.7–8.0)

(8.4–9.2)

(8.8–10.9)

(7.3–9.0)

(8.3–9.0)

(7.8–9.5)

(8.3–10.5)

(6.0–7.7)

(8.7–9.5)

(6.4–7.9)

Current drinkers

32.4%

27.6%

23.0%

20.3%

31.1%

24.0%

20.4%

30.5%

24.7%

23.3%

27.8%

28.7%

23.9%

26.6%

(30.6–34.2)

(26.7–28.6)

(22.3–23.7)

(18.6–22.2)

(30.0–32.2)

(23.4–24.6)

(19.0–21.9)

(29.0–32.0)

(24.1–25.3)

(22.0–24.7)

(26.1–29.5)

(27.1–30.3)

(23.3–24.6)

(25.3–27.9)

Former drinkers

2.0%

1.7%

1.7%

2.8%

2.2%

1.7%

1.8%

2.8%

1.6%

2.1%

2.6%

2.2%

1.6%

2.0%

(1.5–2.6)

(1.5–2.0)

(1.5–1.9)

(2.1–3.6)

(1.8–2.6)

(1.5–1.9)

(1.4–2.4)

(2.3–3.3)

(1.4–1.8)

(1.7–2.6)

(2.0–3.2)

(1.7–2.8)

(1.4–1.8)

(1.6–2.5)

Daily intake of green leaf

31.7%

34.6%

41.3%

47.5%

35.2%

38.6%

45.2%

42.1%

38.4%

36.0%

42.4%

38.2%

39.1%

34.5%

(29.9–33.4)

(33.7–35.6)

(40.5–42.1)

(45.4–49.7)

(34.1–36.4)

(37.9–39.3)

(43.5–47.0)

(40.6–43.7)

(37.7–39.1)

(34.6–37.5)

(40.6–44.2)

(36.5–39.9)

(38.4–40.0)

(33.1–35.9)

Walking > 30 min/day

76.5%

73.8%

70.5%

63.5%

72.4%

72.4% (71.8–73.1)

65.6%

67.7%

72.3%

72.1%

70.2%

70.2%

72.1%

72.1%

(74.8–78.1)

(72.9–74.7)

(69.7–71.2)

(61.3–65.6)

(71.4–73.6)

(63.9–67.3)

(66.2–69.2)

(71.7–73.0)

(70.7–73.5)

(68.4–71.8)

(68.6–71.8)

(71.4–72.8)

(70.7–73.4)

Exercise ≥ 3 h/week

16.1%

11.3%

7.9%

6.0%

11.7%

9.4%

7.0%

9.0%

9.6%

11.1%

7.3%

8.4%

9.8%

11.5%

(14.7–17.5)

(10.7–12.0)

(7.4–8.4)

(5.0–7.1)

(11.0–12.5)

(9.0–9.8)

(6.1–8.0)

(8.0–9.8%)

(9.2–10.0)

(10.1–12.1)

(6.4–8.4)

(7.5–9.5)

(9.4–10.3)

(10.6–12.5)

Sedentary work

35.2%

35.8%

35.0%

32.8%

38.5%

34.3%

33.0%

37.5%

34.7%

35.1%

40.7%

37.6%

33.7%

35.3%

(33.3–37.2)

(34.8–36.9)

(34.2–35.9)

(30.5–35.1)

(37.3–39.8)

(33.5–35.0)

(31.2–34.9)

(35.8–39.2)

(34.0–35.4)

(33.4–36.7)

(38.7–42.6)

(35.8–39.4)

(32.9–34.5)

(33.8–36.9)

Height (cm)e

152.0

151.9

151.2

150.7

152.4

151.3

150.2

152.1

151.4

151.0

152.2

152.3

151.3

151.2

(151.7–2.3)

(151.8–2.0)

(151.1–1.3)

(150.4–0.9)

(152.3–2.6)

(151.2–1.4)

(149.9–0.4)

(151.9–2.3)

(151.4–1.5)

(150.8–1.2)

(152.0–2.4)

(152.1–2.5)

(151.2–1.4)

(151.0–1.4)

Body mass index

23.1

22.8

22.7

22.6

23.0

22.8

22.5

22.9

22.8

22.8

22.8

22.6

22.8

22.8

(kg/m2)

(22.9–23.3)

(22.7–22.9)

(22.7–22.8)

(22.4–22.7)

(22.9–23.1)

(22.7–22.8)

(22.4–22.6)

(22.8–23.0)

(22.7–22.8)

(22.7–22.9)

(22.7–22.9)

(22.5–22.7)

(22.8–22.9)

(22.7–22.9)

  1. 95% CI is reported in parentheses.
  2. aAge is measured in year.
  3. bEducation beyond high school.
  4. cFamily history of breast cancer in mother and/or sisters.
  5. dEver used exogenous female hormone.
  6. eUpper limit of 95% CI is shown with a value after subtracting 150 (cm).
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