Table 3 Description of ranges for the synthetic indicators used to assess water and light.

From: Combining Statistical Tools and Ecological Assessments in the Study of Biodeterioration Patterns of Stone Temples in Angkor (Cambodia)

Category (Light)

Range and description*

Very low

Indoor conditions without direct solar radiation

Low

Forest canopy 100–75%

Med. Low

Forest canopy 75–50%

Med.

Forest canopy 50–25%

Med. High

Forest canopy 25–5% or cleared areas in N exposure

High

Cleared areas in W-E exposures

Very high

Cleared areas in S exposure

Category (Water)

Very Low

Vertical surfaces protected by incident rainfall in any exposure and in any condition of forest canopy cover

Low

Vertical and horizontal surfaces partially protected by incident rainfall in cleared areas in all exposures, and vertical surfaces with forest canopy cover between 50–75%

Med. Low

Vertical and horizontal surfaces exposed to incident rainfall, without percolation events - with forest canopy cover of 75–50% in S exposure; or with forest canopy cover of 50–25% in W-E exposures; or with forest canopy cover lower than 25% in N exposure

Med.

Vertical and horizontal surfaces exposed to incident rainfall, without percolation event - with forest canopy cover of 50–25% in S exposure; or with forest canopy cover lower than 25% in W-E exposures

Med. High

Vertical surfaces interested by percolation or rising damp (lower parts) with forest canopy cover lower than 25% in any exposure. Horizontal surfaces with forest canopy cover higher than 25%

High

Horizontal surfaces receiving incident rainfall, in semi shadow conditions with a forest canopy cover of 50–25%. Vertical surfaces interested by percolation or rising damp (lower parts) in any exposure

Very High

Horizontal surfaces receiving incident rainfall and interested by raising damp (lower parts), in shadow conditions under a forest canopy higher than 50%. Vertical surfaces interested by percolation or rising damp (lower parts) in any exposure

  1. Notes: *Light: we considered a combination of these factors: cover of forest canopy (5 classes: 0–5%, 5–25%, 25–50%, 50–75%, 75–100%); exposure in cleared areas (3 classes: N, W and E, S). Water: we considered that water is inversely correlated to light (i.e., high solar radiation induces evaporation processes). We also considered forest canopy (5 classes: 0–5%, 5–25%, 25–50%, 50–75%, 75–100%); exposure of surfaces (3 classes: N, W and E, S); inclination (2 classes: vertical, horizontal); distance from the ground (higher parts, lower parts - interested with phenomena of rising damp); porosity of the stone (13–19% - see Uchida et al.39).