Figure 1

Current density during initial 22 days (a) and charge output during a period of 65 days (b) of the soil MFCs. The data is the mean value of duplicate soil MFCs (see Figure S1). Nyquist plots of the soil MFCs at open circuit potentials (c). The he resistance analysis of the soil MFCs (d). The charge transfer resistance Rct = Rcathode + Ranode.