Figure 2
From: Graphene-assisted multiple-input high-base optical computing

Experimental setup for graphene-assisted modulo 4 functions of three-input high-base optical computing (quaternary hybrid addition and subtraction).
Inset: “sandwiched structure” graphene sample used as a nonlinear optical device. ECL: external cavity laser; PC: polarization controller; OC: optical coupler; Mod.: modulator; AWG: arbitrary waveform generator; EDFA: erbium-doped fiber amplifier; WSS: wavelength selective switch; ODL: optical delay line; HP-EDFA: high-power EDFA; TF: tunable filter; OSA: optical spectrum analyzer; VOA, variable optical attenuator.