Figure 1
Increase of toxicant sensitivity in relation to additional environmental stress – (A) Stress Addition Model, SAM; (B) Traditional approaches from mixture toxicity. The x-axis shows the magnitude of environmental stress, expressed as mortality without toxicant exposure. The y-axis shows the increase in toxicant sensitivity. Observations: Points indicate aquatic vertebrate and invertebrate studies with 23 pairs of concentration-response relationships, including 6 different environmental stressors, 5 toxicants and 10 species. (A) Modelling by the SAM: Lines indicate the modelled increase in toxicant sensitivity for the LC10 (LC10/LC10*) and the LC50 (LC50/LC50*) in relation to the environmental stress. (B) Modelling by traditional approaches from mixture toxicity: Lines indicate the modelled increase in toxicant sensitivity using the extended approach of concentration addition (CA, blue and red solid lines), and effect addition (EA, blue and red dashed lines). Details on the experimental studies see Table S1 and Figure S1. The grey shaded area represents the results of the model based on the standard error of the average normalized concentration-response curve (see Methods).
