Figure 1
Progressive pathology and associated proteome changes in biceps femoris muscle of DMD pigs.
(A) Histology of biceps femoris muscle in WT versus DMD pigs at 2 days and 3 months of age. Note the variation in fiber diameter, rounded fibers, fibers with internalized central nuclei (arrows), and muscle fiber necrosis (*) in DMD pigs. Between 2 days and 3 months of age, there is a pronounced increase in the diameter of muscle fibers in both groups, indicating muscle growth by fiber hypertrophy. Plastic (GMA/MMA) sections, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining; bars = 100 μm. (B) Hierarchical clustering of label free quantitation (LFQ) values clearly separates four groups according to age (2 days vs. 3 months) and genotype (DMD vs. WT). (C) Numbers of differentially abundant proteins between genotypes within age (horizontal arrows) and between ages within genotype (vertical arrows). Differences were considered to be significant at an adjusted p-value < 0.05 and a log2-fold change > |0.6|. Numbers of proteins with significantly increased (red) and decreased (green) abundance between the group at an arrowhead and the group at the end of the respective arrow are shown. (D) Numbers of significant age-related protein abundance differences in WT and DMD pigs. Note that there is only a small overlap of age-related proteome changes between the two genotypes. (E) Numbers of significant protein abundance differences between DMD and WT pigs at the age of 2 days and 3 months. Note that there is only a small overlap of proteome changes induced by dystrophin deficiency in the two age classes.
