Figure 5
Effect of OCA on primary hepatocytes (HEP), liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) and Kupffer cells (KC), in basal or LPS-/TNF-α-stimulated conditions.
(A) The expression of MCP-1 is increased in hepatocytes following LPS- or TNF-α stimulation, yet remains unaffected by co-stimulation with OCA. (B) While in unstimulated LSEC, OCA does not affect the expression of pro-fibrotic cytokines such as TGF-β, it clearly prevents the increased expression of MCP-1 following in vitro stimulation with TNF-α. (C) While in unstimulated KC, OCA does not affect the expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines; the expression of MCP-1 is decreased following co-incubation with 10 μM OCA. DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide, vehicle; OCA, obeticholic acid; MCP-1, monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1; LPS, lipopolysaccharides; TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β; TIMP-1, tissue inhibitor of metallopeptidase-1; FXR, Farnesoid-X receptor; IFN-γ, interferon-gamma; IL-10, interleukin-10; IL-6, interleukin-6; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor.
