Figure 8: Renal immune cell infiltration and cytokine production: Renal immune cell infiltration and cytokine production in control (
) and water-restricted (
) rats at the end of the 4-week water restriction protocol.

Renal (a) leukocyte (CD45+ cells) (b) T cells (CD3+ cells), the proportion of (c) renal T helper cells and cytotoxic T cells and (d) T cells producing IFN-γ, IL-4, and TNF-α (e) the Th1:Th2 proportion of cytokine producing T cells (measured as the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Data were analyzed using an unpaired t-test. #P ≤ 0.05 versus control SHR. n = 10–17 each.