Figure 4: Dendrogram and single linkage distances for the PD and control groups.

Dendrograms of the control group (a) and PD group (b) represent the evolutionary changes in linked areas during graph filtration and distance to be merged into the giant component for each connected component. In the PD group, the areas showed delayed clustering globally. Single linkage matrices as obtained from the distances between the paired areas in the control (c) and PD groups (d). The scale bar on the right side indicates the single linkage distance. Globally, these single linkage distances (SLDs) were longer in the PD group. (e) Using permuted p < 0.05, increased distances between areas in the PD group were found across multiple connections mainly including right somatosensory, right auditory cortex, both caudoputamen and bilateral thalamus. Scale bar on the right side indicates p value. (f) Using permuted p < 0.005 based, the most significantly disrupted connections in the PD group were revealed as follows: right auditory cortex-both frontal cortex, right auditory cortex-right motor cortex, right auditory cortex-both visual cortex, and right auditory cortex-left caudoputamen. Abbreviations for areas are described in Supplementary Table 1.