Figure 3
From: Ultra-stable clock laser system development towards space applications

Averaged change in the optical frequency of the clock laser as a result of power modulation of the light injected to the cavity.
Initially the power on the input was reduced for 10 s by ΔP = 0.5 μW with a square modulation as measured on the cavity transmitted power. The red line shows a double exponential f(t) = ΔP(A1 exp(−t/τ1) + A2 exp(−t/τ2)) + C fitted to the drop and the rise. Parameters obtained from the fit are A1 = −72 Hz/μW, A2 = −104 Hz/μW, τ1 = 2.9 s and τ2 = 0.23 s.