Table 2 Comparison of pregnancy outcomes of GDM and healthy pregnant women.

From: Elevated First-Trimester Total Bile Acid is Associated with the Risk of Subsequent Gestational Diabetes

Group

Control

GDM

P value

N

179

151

 

Age (years)&

29.9 ± 3.7

31.2 ± 3.9

0.001†

Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2)&

20.8 ± 2.9

22.5 ± 2.9

<0.001*

SBP (mm Hg)&

110.3 ± 12.6

113.9 ± 11.8

0.008*

DBP (mm Hg)&

66.8 ± 9.7

69.3 ± 10.5

0.022*

TBA (μmol/L)&

1.6 ± 0.8

2.2 ± 1.3

<0.001†

ChE (U/L)&

269.5 ± 47.3

290.5 ± 53.3

<0.001*

UA (μmol/L)

205.9 ± 43.6

210.2 ± 42.9

0.507†

TC (mmol/L)

4.8 ± 1.0

4.8 ± 0.9

0.986*

TG (mmol/L)

1.5 ± 1.2

1.7 ± 0.8

0.011†

Gestational age at delivery (weeks)

38.9 ± 1.3

39.0 ± 1.3

0.453†

Caesarean section (%)&

17.3

26.4

0.045#

PROM (%)

10

25.3

0.224#

Preeclampsia (%)

2.8

2.6

0.605#

Amount of postpartum hemorrhage (ml)

321.2 ± 117.2

326.0 ± 204.0

0.787†

AFI (cm)

12.1 ± 3.2

12.4 ± 3.4

0.435†

Offspring

BPD (mm)

92.8 ± 4.1

92.5 ± 3.9

0.451†

Weight (g)&

3279.4 ± 417.7

3385.3 ± 489.9

0.035*

Macrosomia (%)&

3.4

11.9

0.003#

Apgar score

10 ± 0.1

9.9 ± 0.3

0.122†

  1. GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; BPD, biparietal diameter; PROM, premature rupture of membrane; AFI, amniotic fluid index. Data represent means ± SD or percentage (%). *Derived from Student’s t- test. #Derived from Chi-square test or Fisher’s Exact Test. †Derived from Mann-Whitney U- test. &Significant at P < 0.05 level.
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