Figure 4
Minocycline prevents glucose-induced ROS formation.
(a,b) Minocycline (10 μM, Mino, 24 h), but not CIX (5 μM, 24 h), prevents mitochondrial ROS formation (a: MitoSOX, b: Dihydrorhodamine, DHR, green) in glucose stressed murine podocytes in vitro. (c–f) Application of minocycline, but not CIX, prevents glomerular accumulation of the ROS marker 8-Oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-Oxo-dG, c,d) and decreased nitrotyrosine (Nitro, e) levels while increasing mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, f) in renal cortex extracts in 20 weeks old db/db mice as compared to PBS-receiving db/db controls (C). Representative 8-Oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-Oxo-dG) stained images detected by HRP-DAB reaction, brown; hematoxylin counterstain, blue; size bar: 20 μm (c). Mean values ± SEM (a–f). Size bars (b,c): 20 μm; *P < 0.05 (a,b,d–f: ANOVA). Number of mice in each group is shown in parentheses in (d–f) representative cropped images without further modification are shown; exemplary uncropped images are provided in Supplementary Fig. 6.
