Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Aguamiel concentrate from Agave salmiana and its extracted saponins attenuated obesity and hepatic steatosis and increased Akkermansia muciniphila in C57BL6 mice

Figure 3

Aguamiel concentrate and its saponins prevented hepatic steatosis and regulated the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in C57BL6 mice.

(A) Histopathological examination with H&E, Oil Red O (ORO) staining and TNF-α and F4/80 immunohistochemical staining (400x magnification). (B) Total hepatic triacylglycerides (TAG) quantification, (C) ORO staining quantification, (D) plasma alanine-aminotransferase (ALT) levels and (E) malondialdehyde (MDA) content in liver. Effect of AC and its extracted saponins on hepatic gene expression of (F) SREBP1, (G) FAS, (H) ACC, (I) PPARα, (J) AOX, (K) CPT-1, (L) SREBP2, (M) HMGCR, (N) LDLr, (O) CYP7A1, (P) ABCG8 and (Q) ABCA1. The cDNA was analyzed per mouse. Statistical analysis for (B–Q) was performed with one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey’s post hoc test. Mean values with different letters where a > b > c are significantly different (at least P < 0.05). Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. C: control; HF: High-fat; HFAC: High-fat with aguamiel concentrate; HFL: High-fat with low saponin dose; HFH: High-fat with high saponin dose.

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