Figure 3
Mitochondrial dynamics in heart tissue.
(A) Images from electron microscopy show clusters of grape-like mitochondrial networks in cardiac muscle (magnification 20,000). (B) Mitochondrial electron transport complexes I and V. (C) Mitochondrial DNA. The DNA content of mtDNA and the 18S rRNA gene were calculated and the relative ratios of mtDNA content to 18S rRNA gene levels were determined. (D) mRNA abundance of Nrf1 and Tfam. (E) Protein expression of PGC-1α. Left: representative western blot image; (F) Right: quantification of PGC-1α protein expression. (G) Evidence of autophagy in heart tissue. Left: representative Western blot images for ATG5, ATG7 and LC3B. (H) Right: quantitative analyses of those target proteins. The results are presented as the fold increase in the ND group. The data are means ± SEM (n = 12). *p < 0.05 vs. ND, **p < 0.01 vs. ND; #p < 0.05 vs. HFD, ##p < 0.01 vs. HFD.
