Figure 2: Local temperature-measuring sensor with in situ nanostructures.
From: Nano-inspired fluidic interactivity for boiling heat transfer: impact and criteria

(a) Schematic diagram of the sensor. (b) Photograph of the completed sensor. (c,d) Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) with solid fraction φ = 0.087: average diameter davg = 100 nm, average pitch pavg = 300 nm, and average height havg = 15 μm. (e,f) Silicon nanopillars (SiNPs) with φ = 0.32: davg = 360 nm, pavg = 610 nm, and havg = 2 μm. (g,h) SiNPs with φ = 0.61: davg = 500 nm, pavg = 610 nm, and havg = 2 μm12.