Figure 3
From: Improved Cryopreservation of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells: A Systematic Approach
Effect of cooling rate on interrupted cooling of HUVECs (a) in the absence of cryoprotectant, or (b) in the presence of 10% DMSO. The cells were either rapidly cooled to an intermediate subzero temperature and held at that temperature (two-step freezing), or slowly cooled at 1 °C/min or 0.2 °C/min to intermediate sub-zero temperatures, before direct thaw or plunge thaw. Three independent experiments were carried out and the mean membrane integrity was calculated for each experimental temperature. Error bars represent standard error of the mean.
