Table 1 Membrane integrity of HUVEC controls in the presence and absence of DMSO.

From: Improved Cryopreservation of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells: A Systematic Approach

Measured membrane integrity

In the absence of cryoprotectant

10% DMSO, 15 minute exposure

10% DMSO, 30 minute exposure

10% DMSO, multi-step exposure15

20% DMSO, 15 minute exposure

Pre-experiment

92.9 ± 0.7%

93.3 ± 0.7%

91.4 ± 1.3%

93.0 ± 0.5%

84.6 ± 0.4%

After 1 hour at 0 °C

90.6 ± 1.2%

91.7 ± 1.5%

90.5 ± 0.9%

91.0 ± 2.2%

77.1 ± 2.4%

Plunge from 0 °C into liquid nitrogen

0.07 ± 0.03%

0.8 ± 0.3%

2.1 ± 0.7%

4.6 ± 0.3%

2.0 ± 0.2%

  1. The membrane integrity is expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean, N = 3.