Figure 1: Species sensitivity distribution of dimethoate calculated from multiple bee species’ sensitivity (red line).

● & ○ denote 48 h LD50 values of bee species (○ are literature values). Species names are aligned by sensitivity in ascending order from bottom to top on the same y-axis coordinate as their respective ●/○. Dashed lines enclose parametric bootstrap 95% CI (1000 iterations). Blue, transparent lines display all parametric bootstrap samples. ■ marks the HD5 value, ▲ the lower limit HD5 and ■ the extrapolated LD50 values of Hylaeus gredleri ♂ and Nomioides minutissimus ♀. The proposed regulatory threshold of honey bee LD50/10 is indicated by the dotted line. LD50 values for A. mellifera, O. cornifrons and O. lignaria were taken from other studies (Supplementary Table S7).