Table 1 Comparison between conventional and paper-based ELISA for aqueous VEGF quantification.
Equipment | P-ELISA for VEGF | Conventional ELISA for VEGF |
|---|---|---|
Desktop scanner and smartphone camera | Plate readout | |
Antigen/primary antibody | VEGF/HRP-conjugated avastin | VEGF/human recombinant VEGF-A antibody |
Secondary antibody | None | HRP conjugate |
Detection sensitivity | 0.03 pg | 18.75 pg/mL |
Detection range | 0.01–100,000 pg/mL | 31.25–2000 pg/mL |
Cost for equipment | 100 USD | 20000 USD |
Dilution | No | Yes |
Reagent/duration | Volume (microliter)/time | Volume (microliter)/time |
(1) Immobilize VEGF | 2/7 min | 70/120 min |
(2) Blocking | 2/7 min | 100/30 min |
(3) Antibody | 7.5/20 min | 30/60 min |
(4) Colorimetric reaction (add TMB+H2O2) | 2/10 min | 100/3 min |
Total per zone | 13.5/44 min | 300/213 min |
Total sample volume require per test | 40 (repeat 20 wells) | 9600 (total 96 wells) |
