Table 3 Adjusted a odds ratios and 95% CI of CHD and exposure to O3, NO2, NO, SO2, CO of first 3 months of pregnancy in single pollutant model.

From: Ozone and Other Air Pollutants and the Risk of Congenital Heart Defects

  

All congenital heart defects (Q20–Q28)(N = 188)

Ventricular septal defect (Q21.0) (N = 63)

Tetralogy of Fallot (Q21.3) (N = 29)

aOR [95% CI]

aOR [95% CI]

aOR [95% CI]

O3

1st Mb

1.06 (1.00–1.13)

1.07 (0.96–1.18)

1.15 (0.99–1.33)

2nd Mc

1.10 (1.03–1.17)

1.09 (0.97–1.21)

1.24 (1.07–1.44)

3rd Md

1.12 (1.05–1.19)

1.17 (1.05–1.31)

1.31 (1.13–1.51)

NO2

1st Mb

0.90 (0.79–1.02)

0.83 (0.67–1.03)

0.72 (0.53–1.03)

2nd Mc

0.94 (0.84–1.06)

0.89 (0.73–1.09)

0.81 (0.60–1.11)

3rd Md

0.90 (0.81–1.01)

0.91 (0.76–1.09)

0.80 (0.60–1.06)

SO2

1st Mb

0.92 (0.81–1.04)

0.90 (0.72–1.12)

0.91 (0.67–1.24)

2nd Mc

0.87 (0.76–0.99)

0.82 (0.65–1.03)

1.07 (0.78–1.46)

3rd Md

0.83 (0.73–0.95)

0.81 (0.64–1.02)

0.97 (0.68–1.38)

CO

1st Mb

0.97 (0.90–1.06)

0.99 (0.86–1.14)

1.01 (0.81–1.26)

2nd Mc

0.92 (0.84–1.01)

0.93 (0.81–1.07)

0.97 (0.77–1.21)

3rd Md

0.99 (0.91–1.08)

1.12 (0.87–1.29)

1.05 (0.85–1.30)

  1. aAdjusted for maternal age, education, parity, infant sex, season of conception.
  2. b1st M = The first month exposure;
  3. c2nd M = The second month exposure;
  4. d3rd M = The third month exposure.