Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Chronic Sleep Disruption Alters Gut Microbiota, Induces Systemic and Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Mice

Figure 3

(a) The effect of SF on anaerobic substrate utilization increases separation of samples over the first principal coordinate (PC1) at 4-weeks of exposure, separation decreases after 2 weeks of recovery. (b) Boxplots compare the third quartiles of OD590 values across aerobic and anaerobic plates and shows no effect of 4w SF on aerobic microbial substrate utilization and inhibitory effect on anaerobic substrate utilization. (c) The volcano plot demonstrates the decrease of anaerobic utilization of 5 substrates in 4w SF microbial community. (d) Marked disruption of epithelial cell barrier occurred in monolayers of Human Normal Colon Cells (HNCC) exposed to SF-derived, but not to CTL-derived “fecal water” as demonstrated by mean TER changes. (e) VWAT insulin sensitivity is reduced in germ-free mice after conventionalization with SF-derived cecal microbiota as compared to CTL-derived or germ-free mice.

Back to article page