Figure 7
Modulation of PKC or ERK signalling affects morphology and survival of S. mansoni somules.
(a–d) Somules were exposed to increasing concentrations of GF109203X, PMA, or U0126, movies captured at 24 h, and aberrant phenotypes (granulated, dark mid-region, dark body, and segmented body, respectively; shown in insets) enumerated as a percentage of the population observed across three independent experiments (mean ± SEM, n = 30). (e) Mean viability ( ± SEM) of somules in response to GF109203X, PMA, or U0126 treatment after 48 h culture. *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, and ***p ≤ 0.001, when compared to respective control values as follows: GF109203X = media (control); PMA and U0126 DMSO: 1–30 μM = DMSO 0.1%, 50 μM = DMSO 1%.
