Table 4 Effects of MES + HS in sex differences.
vs. Baseline | F vs. M | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adiposity | Group | Baseline | MES + HS | delta | p-value | p-value |
Visceral Fat Area (cm2) | F | 140.10 ± 6.51 | 137.44 ± 7.49 | −2.66 | 0.262 | * |
M | 177.23 ± 10.25 | 161.72 ± 8.87 | −15.55 | ** | ||
SubQ Fat Area (cm2) | F | 276.76 ± 21.76 | 266.17 ± 21.30 | −10.59 | 0.068 | 0.092 |
M | 177.25 ± 11.56 | 177.41 ± 12.70 | 0.16 | 0.485 | ||
total Fat Area (cm2) | F | 416.86 ± 26.77 | 403.61 ± 25.28 | −13.25 | 0.050 | 0.425 |
M | 354.53 ± 19.85 | 339.14 ± 19.50 | −15.39 | 0.012 | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | F | 30.07 ± 1.09 | 29.92 ± 1.16 | −0.15 | 0.068 | 0.197 |
M | 28.74 ± 0.64 | 28.44 ± 0.65 | −0.30 | ** | ||
Wc (cm) | F | 100.16 ± 2.04 | 98.92 ± 1.95 | −1.24 | 0.117 | 0.071 |
M | 100.08 ± 1.69 | 97.40 ± 1.54 | −2.67 | ** | ||
Glucose control and insulin resistance | ||||||
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | F | 140.44 ± 5.25 | 142.44 ± 6.77 | 2.00 | 0.313 | ** |
M | 167.50 ± 6.86 | 145.31 ± 5.27 | −22.19 | ** | ||
Fasting IRI (µIU/mL) | F | 10.47 ± 1.36 | 8.51 ± 1.08 | −1.96 | 0.032 | 0.450 |
M | 9.47 ± 0.88 | 7.65 ± 0.70 | −1.82 | ** | ||
HOMA-IR | F | 3.72 ± 0.54 | 3.16 ± 0.48 | −0.57 | 0.077 | 0.123 |
M | 4.23 ± 0.56 | 2.92 ± 0.37 | −1.31 | ** | ||
HbA1c (%) | F | 7.50 ± 0.13 | 7.33 ± 0.15 | −0.17 | 0.140 | 0.033 |
M | 7.70 ± 0.10 | 7.25 ± 0.10 | −0.44 | ** | ||
GA (%) | F | 17.77 ± 0.66 | 17.89 ± 0.76 | 0.12 | 0.384 | * |
M | 19.74 ± 0.49 | 18.61 ± 0.46 | −1.12 | ** | ||
Adiponectin (µg/mL) | F | 8.09 ± 0.80 | 9.16 ± 0.75 | 1.07 | * | 0.341 |
M | 7.30 ± 0.58 | 8.17 ± 0.69 | 0.87 | ** | ||
Blood pressure | ||||||
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | F | 131.89 ± 3.73 | 134.28 ± 2.76 | 2.39 | 0.229 | * |
M | 135.52 ± 2.06 | 131.14 ± 2.32 | −4.38 | * | ||
Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | F | 77.78 ± 2.41 | 79.89 ± 2.27 | 2.11 | 0.244 | * |
M | 78.64 ± 1.50 | 75.90 ± 1.71 | −2.74 | ** | ||
Heart Rate (bpm) | F | 78.44 ± 3.37 | 77.72 ± 3.25 | −0.72 | 0.366 | 0.258 |
M | 76.17 ± 1.90 | 73.86 ± 1.48 | −2.31 | * | ||
Systemic inflammation | ||||||
TNF-α (pg/mL) | F | 1.53 ± 0.18 | 1.18 ± 0.12 | −0.36 | * | 0.372 |
M | 1.69 ± 0.13 | 1.27 ± 0.10 | −0.42 | ** | ||
IL-6 (pg/mL) | F | 3.13 ± 0.64 | 3.69 ± 0.78 | 0.56 | 0.209 | ** |
M | 3.19 ± 0.31 | 2.38 ± 0.26 | −0.87 | ** | ||
hs-CRP (ng/mL) | F | 1985.83 ± 609.06 | 1890.78 ± 553.03 | −95.06 | 0.287 | 0.084 |
M | 1961.45 ± 576.37 | 1054.19 ± 249.73 | −907.26 | ** | ||
WBC (/µL) | F | 6883.33 ± 366.94 | 6544.44 ± 245.73 | −338.89 | 0.070 | 0.293 |
M | 6695.24 ± 246.31 | 6216.67 ± 237.69 | −478.57 | ** | ||
Renal function | ||||||
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | F | 81.07 ± 3.06 | 83.40 ± 3.29 | 2.33 | * | 0.413 |
M | 74.57 ± 2.84 | 77.23 ± 3.00 | 2.66 | ** | ||
ACR (µg/gCre) | F | 90.81 ± 30.13 | 65.43 ± 20.73 | −25.38 | 0.132 | 0.304 |
M | 68.51 ± 26.81 | 52.63 ± 20.75 | −15.88 | * | ||
L-FABP (mg/gCr) | F | 5.26 ± 0.90 | 4.28 ± 0.92 | −0.97 | * | 0.460 |
M | 5.49 ± 0.65 | 4.42 ± 0.58 | −1.06 | * | ||
Hepatic steatosis and lipids | ||||||
AST/ALT | F | 0.84 ± 0.04 | 0.89 ± 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.094 | 0.339 |
M | 0.86 ± 0.04 | 0.93 ± 0.05 | 0.07 | * | ||
UA (mg/dL) | F | 4.87 ± 0.25 | 4.80 ± 0.23 | −0.07 | 0.318 | 0.278 |
M | 5.89 ± 0.24 | 5.70 ± 0.22 | −0.18 | * | ||
LDL-C (mg/dL) | F | 119.17 ± 7.41 | 115.72 ± 6.55 | −3.44 | 0.171 | 0.493 |
M | 105.07 ± 3.75 | 101.55 ± 3.88 | −3.52 | 0.101 | ||
HDL-C (mg/dL) | F | 60.28 ± 2.85 | 56.72 ± 2.21 | −3.56 | 0.087 | * |
M | 49.14 ± 2.12 | 51.29 ± 2.11 | 2.14 | * | ||
TG (mg/dL) | F | 185.83 ± 38.13 | 137.28 ± 11.67 | −48.56 | 0.094 | 0.186 |
M | 182.36 ± 21.22 | 160.29 ± 16.97 | −22.07 | * | ||
FFA (µEq/L) | F | 693.39 ± 56.83 | 685.67 ± 42.19 | −7.72 | 0.455 | 0.198 |
M | 610.86 ± 35.98 | 540.45 ± 29.56 | −70.40 | * | ||
