Figure 2
From: von Willebrand factor contributes to poor outcome in a mouse model of intracerebral haemorrhage
VWF increased BBB damage, brain water content and degenerating neurons after ICH.
(A) Distribution of the injected VWF protein was tracked by an anti-VVW antibody. LV, lateral ventricle; CTX, cortex. (B) Double immunostaining of CD13-positive pericyte (green) with CD31-positive brain endothelium (red) showing pericyte coverage of brain microvessels in the perihematomal area of mice treated with vehicle or VWF 24 hours after ICH. Bar = 30 μm. (C) Quantitative analysis of CD13-positive pericyte coverage of CD31-positive brain capillaries in the perihematomal area. Values are means ± standard errors of the means (n = 5). (D) Representative photographs of cerebral coronal sections show Evans blue dye extravasation (blue staining) 24 hours after ICH in mice treated with vehicle or VWF. (E) Quantification of Evans blue dye extravasation by spectrophotometric assay. Values are means ± standard errors of the means (n = 8). *P < 0.05. (F) Representative photographs of cerebral coronal sections show Evans blue dye extravasation 24 hours after collagenase-induced ICH in WT and VWF−/− mice. (G) Quantification of Evans blue dye extravasation by spectrophotometric assay. Values are means ± standard errors of the means (n = 8). *P < 0.05. (H) Brain edema measured 72 hours after ICH in mice treated with vehicle or VWF. Ipsi, ipsilateral hemisphere; Contral, contralateral hemisphere; Cereb, cerebellum. Values are means ± standard errors of the means (n = 8). *P < 0.05. (I,G) Representative images of Fluoro-Jade B (FJB) staining (I) and quantification of FJB–positive neurons (J) in brain sections from mice treated with vehicle or VWF 72 hours after ICH. Bar = 20 μm. Values are means ± standard errors of the means (n = 5). *P < 0.05. (K) Brain edema measured 72 hours after collagenase-induced ICH in WT and VWF−/− mice. Values are means ± standard errors of the means (n = 8). *P < 0.05.
