Figure 1

Study area (Deajeon (8); 36°20′N and 127°22′E) and surrounding environment (not to scale; modified after Lee and Yu²⁶).

The solid box enlarges the South Korea. (1) Taklamakan desert; (2) Alashan Plateau; (3) Loess Plateau; (4) Badain Jaran desert; (5) Tengger desert; (6) Ordos desert are the Chinese deserts soils. (7) Seoul; (8) Daejeon; (9) Taeback; (10) Dangjin; (11) Boryeong; (12) Seocheon; (13) Pohang; (14) Ulsan are the cities in Korea. (15) Dalian; (16) Changchun; (17) Harbin; (18) Nanjing; (19) Shanghai; (20) Foshan; (21) Guanzhou; (22) Qingdao; (23) Shenyang; (24) Anshan; (25) Fushun, (26) Jinzhou; (27) Beijing; (28) Tianjin are the cities in Mainland China.