Figure 1

mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin and ER stressor tunicamycin increase Ca²⁺-regulated mitochondrial bioenergetics.

(A) ATP levels of control HeLa cells (con) or cells treated with tunicamycin (tun) or rapamycin (rap) were measured using a luciferase-based assay (n = 5). (B) Oxygen consumption rates of HeLa cells before and after mitochondrial uncoupling (CCCP 200 nM) were measured using a Clark electrode (n = 5). (C) Baseline oxygen consumption rates of HeLa cells in the absence or presence of a Ca²⁺ chelator (BAPTA-AM 20 μM) were measured as in B (n = 4). (D) Mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uptake induced by histamine (10 μM) in HeLa cells was measured with Rhod-FF using fluorescence microscopy (n = 3). (E) Peak fluorescence intensity of graphs obtained in (D). (F) Area under the curve of graphs obtained in D. A.U. = arbitrary units. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. *P ≤ 0.05 compared with con, ^#P ≤ 0.05 comparing tun and rap.